In a bowl, soak the dried red chillies in hot water for 10 minutes to soften them.

Drain the chillies and remove the seeds (optional for extra heat).

In a food processor or blender, combine the chillies, red bell pepper, garlic cloves, olive oil, tomato paste, cumin powder, coriander powder, salt, and black pepper.

Blend until a smooth paste forms.

In a saucepan, heat the harissa paste on medium heat for 15 minutes, stirring occasionally with a wooden spoon or spatula.

Remove from heat and let it cool down before transferring to an airtight container for storage.

Use as a condiment or spice blend in various dishes such as stews, marinades, dips, and spreads.